Thursday, March 11, 2010

Seasonal influenza

Seasonal influenza – Acute


 

Definition  

An acute, usually self-limited, febrile illness caused by influenza type A or B virus that occurs in seasonal outbreaks


 

Medical History  

* Patient immunocompromised

* Travel

* Pediatric (0-18 years)

* Co-morbid conditions

* Adult, Geriatric (>65 years)


 

Findings  

* Fever

* Cough

* Pain in throat

* Headache

* Malaise

* Myalgia

* Nasal discharge

* Nausea and vomiting - Acute

* Diarrhea

* Abdominal pain - Acute

* Rash - Acute


 

Tests  

Influenza  

* Rapid influenza test

* Fluorescent antibody measurement

* Polymerase chain reaction analysis

* Viral culture


 

Differential Diagnosis  

* Influenza due to Influenza A virus

* Influenza due to Influenza virus, type B

* Influenza due to Influenza virus, type C

* Novel influenza A, H1N1 - Acute

* Avian influenza - Acute

* Viral upper respiratory tract infection

* Respiratory syncytial virus infection

* Bacterial pneumonia

* Mycoplasma pneumonia

* Bronchitis, acute - Acute

* Pharyngitis - Acute

* Infectious mononucleosis - Acute


 

Treatment  


 

Drug Therapy  


 

Treatment of uncomplicated acute seasonal influenza in adults, adolescents, pregnant women, and children greater than or equal to 1 year old  


 

OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE  

Adults: 75 mg orally twice daily for 5 days

Pediatrics (>1 year old and ?15 kg): 30 mg orally twice daily for 5 days

Pediatrics (>15 to 23 kg): 45 mg orally twice daily for 5 days

Pediatrics (>23 to 40 kg): 60 mg orally twice daily for 5 days

Pediatrics (>40 kg): 75 mg orally twice daily for 5 days


 

ZANAMIVIR  

Adults: 10 mg (two 5-mg oral inhalations) every 12 hours for 5 days

Pediatrics (?7 years): 10 mg (two 5-mg oral inhalations) every 12 hours for 5 days


 

Suspected seasonal influenza A (H1N1)  


 

RIMANTADINE  

Adults: 200 mg orally daily as a single dose or divided into 2 doses


 

AMANTADINE

Adults: 200 mg orally daily as a single dose or divided into 2 doses

Pediatrics (1 to 9 years): 5 to 8 mg/kg orally daily as a single dose or divided into 2 doses (maximum daily dose 150 mg)

Pediatrics (9 to 12 years): 200 mg orally daily divided into 2 doses


 

Procedural Therapy  


 

Suspected or known seasonal influenza  

* Infection control procedure: Infection control measures such as standard and droplet precautions help prevent the spread of influenza in acute-care facilities .

2 comments:

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SYSTEM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES

SYSTEM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES

Bone and Joint Diseases

  1. Gout and Hyperurecemia
  2. Osteoarthritis
  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  4. Acute coronary Syndroms

Cardiovascular Diseases

  1. Arrhymias
  2. Cardiopulmanary Resuscitation
  3. Heart Failure
  4. Hypertension
  5. Hyperlipidemia
  6. Ischemic Heart Diseases
  7. Shock
  8. Stroke
  9. Venous Thromboembolism

Dermatrologic Diseases

  1. Acne
  2. Psoriasis
  3. Skin Disorders and Cutaneous Drug Eruptions

Endocrine Diseases

  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Portal Hypertension

Gastrointestinal Diseases

  1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  2. Constipation
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Gastroesophagal Reflux Disease
  5. Hepatitis, Viral
    1. Hepatitis A
    2. Hepatitis B
    3. Hepatitis C
  6. Nausea and Vomiting
  7. Pancreatitis
  8. Peptic Ulcer disease

Gynecologic and Obstetric Diseases

  1. Contraception
  2. Hormone therapy

Hematologic Diseases

  1. Anemia
    1. Megaloblastic Anemia

i. Megaloblastic Anemia due to Folate Deficiency

ii. Megaloblastic Anemia due to Vitamine B12 Deficiency

    1. Sickle Cell anemia
    2. Hemolytic Anemia
    3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
    4. Aplastic Anemia
    5. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Infectious Diseases

  1. Central Nervous System infections
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Fungal infections, Invasive
  4. Gastrointestinal Infection
  5. HIV / AIDS
  6. Intra-Abdominal Infection
  7. Respiratory Tract infections, Lower
  8. Respiratory Tract infections, Upper
  9. Sepsis and Septic Shock
  10. Sexually transmited Diseases (STD)
  11. Skin and soft tissue infection
  12. Tuberculosis
  13. Urinary tract infection and prostatitis

Neurologic Diseases

  1. Epilepsy
  2. Headache
    1. Migraine
    2. Cluster Headache
  3. Pain management
  4. Parkinson’s Diseases
  5. Status epilepticus

Nutritional Diseases

  1. Enteral Nutrition
  2. Obesity
  3. Parentaral Nutrition

Onchologic Diseases

  1. Breast cancer
  2. Colorectal Cancer
  3. Lung cancer
  4. Lymphomas
  5. Prostate cancer
  6. Cervical Cancer
  7. Esophageal Cancer
  8. Gastric Cancer
  9. Head and Neck Cancer
  10. Lung Cancer
  11. Ovarian Cancer
  12. Pancreatic Cancer
  13. Primary bone Cancer
  14. Primary Brain cancer
  15. Testicular Cancer
  16. Thyroid Gland Cancer
  17. Urinar Bladder cancer
  18. Uterine Cancer

Ophtalmic Diseases

  1. Glaucoma

Psychiatric Diseases

  1. Alzhimer’s Diseases
  2. Anxiety Disease
  3. Bipolar Diseases
  4. Depressive diseases
  5. Schizophrenia
  6. Sleep Diseases
  7. Substance-Related Diseases

Renal Diseases

  1. Acid base Diseases
  2. Acute renal Failure
  3. Chronic Renal Failure
  4. Drug Dosing in renal insufficiency
  5. Electrolyte Homeostasis

Respiratory Diseases

  1. Allergic Rhinitis
  2. Asthma
  3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Urologic Diseases

  1. Benign Prostatic, Hyperplasia
  2. Erectile Dysfunction
  3. Urinary Incontinence