Thursday, March 11, 2010

Hodgkin's disease

Hodgkin's disease - Chronic
Rahul Soman, M. Pharm


 

Definition  

A discrete lymphomatous malignancy, histologically characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells in an appropriate cellular milieu


 

Medical History  

* Past medical history of Epstein-Barr virus infection

* HIV positive

* Family history of Hodgkin's disease

* Genetic predisposition

* Socioeconomic History


 

Findings  

* Chest pain

* Dysphagia - Chronic

* Splenomegaly

* Asthenia

* Fatigue

* Fever

* Lymphadenopathy

* Malaise

* Night sweats

* Pruritus

* Weight loss

* Bone pain

* Cough

* Dyspnea - Chronic

* Rash


 

Tests  


 

Suspected and known lymphoma  

* Complete blood count with white cell differential, manual: A CBC with differential is sometimes helpful in the diagnosis of lymphoma and in ruling out non-lymphomatous causes of lymphadenopathy, although normal results do not rule out disease.


 

Suspected and known Hodgkin disease  

* Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, automated

* Plain chest X-ray

* Computerized axial tomography


 

Lymphoma  

* Plasma lactate dehydrogenase measurement: Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is a useful test for assessing risk and monitoring progress in lymphomatous disease .


 

Suspected and known lymphoma  

* Excision of lymph node: If malignancy is strongly considered, a lymph node biopsy is indicated and consultation with a hematologist/oncologist sought immediately.


 

Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma  

* Bone marrow biopsy, needle or trocar: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy may be recommended in select cases of lymphoma for evaluation, diagnosis, or staging .


 

Differential Diagnosis  

* Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis

* Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity (clinical)

* Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic depletion (clinical)

* Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphocyte-rich (clinical)

* Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic predominance - nodular

* Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Chronic

* Pharyngitis - Acute

* Epstein-Barr virus infection

* Cytomegalovirus infection - Acute

* Toxoplasmosis - Acute

* Cat scratch disease - Acute

* Herpesvirus infection

* Sarcoidosis - Chronic

* Brucellosis - Acute

* Acute lymphoid leukemia - Acute

* Tuberculosis - Chronic

* Neoplasm of head and neck

* Lung cancer

* Breast cancer - Chronic

* Malignant tumor of thyroid gland - Chronic


 

Treatment  


 

Drug Therapy  


 

Hodgkin disease  


 

DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE - BLEOMYCIN SULFATE - VINBLASTINE SULFATE - DACARBAZINE


 

MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE - DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE - ETOPOSIDE - VINCRISTINE SULFATE - VINBLASTINE SULFATE - BLEOMYCIN SULFATE - PREDNISONE  


 


 

BLEOMYCIN SULFATE - ETOPOSIDE - DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE - CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE - VINCRISTINE SULFATE - PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE - PREDNISONE  


 


 

RITUXIMAB


 


 

Procedural Therapy  


 

Hodgkin disease  

* Radiation therapy: Radiotherapy may be used in all stages of Hodgkin disease but emphasis is on combined modality treatment with limited irradiation .

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SYSTEM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES

SYSTEM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES

Bone and Joint Diseases

  1. Gout and Hyperurecemia
  2. Osteoarthritis
  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  4. Acute coronary Syndroms

Cardiovascular Diseases

  1. Arrhymias
  2. Cardiopulmanary Resuscitation
  3. Heart Failure
  4. Hypertension
  5. Hyperlipidemia
  6. Ischemic Heart Diseases
  7. Shock
  8. Stroke
  9. Venous Thromboembolism

Dermatrologic Diseases

  1. Acne
  2. Psoriasis
  3. Skin Disorders and Cutaneous Drug Eruptions

Endocrine Diseases

  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Portal Hypertension

Gastrointestinal Diseases

  1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  2. Constipation
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Gastroesophagal Reflux Disease
  5. Hepatitis, Viral
    1. Hepatitis A
    2. Hepatitis B
    3. Hepatitis C
  6. Nausea and Vomiting
  7. Pancreatitis
  8. Peptic Ulcer disease

Gynecologic and Obstetric Diseases

  1. Contraception
  2. Hormone therapy

Hematologic Diseases

  1. Anemia
    1. Megaloblastic Anemia

i. Megaloblastic Anemia due to Folate Deficiency

ii. Megaloblastic Anemia due to Vitamine B12 Deficiency

    1. Sickle Cell anemia
    2. Hemolytic Anemia
    3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
    4. Aplastic Anemia
    5. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Infectious Diseases

  1. Central Nervous System infections
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Fungal infections, Invasive
  4. Gastrointestinal Infection
  5. HIV / AIDS
  6. Intra-Abdominal Infection
  7. Respiratory Tract infections, Lower
  8. Respiratory Tract infections, Upper
  9. Sepsis and Septic Shock
  10. Sexually transmited Diseases (STD)
  11. Skin and soft tissue infection
  12. Tuberculosis
  13. Urinary tract infection and prostatitis

Neurologic Diseases

  1. Epilepsy
  2. Headache
    1. Migraine
    2. Cluster Headache
  3. Pain management
  4. Parkinson’s Diseases
  5. Status epilepticus

Nutritional Diseases

  1. Enteral Nutrition
  2. Obesity
  3. Parentaral Nutrition

Onchologic Diseases

  1. Breast cancer
  2. Colorectal Cancer
  3. Lung cancer
  4. Lymphomas
  5. Prostate cancer
  6. Cervical Cancer
  7. Esophageal Cancer
  8. Gastric Cancer
  9. Head and Neck Cancer
  10. Lung Cancer
  11. Ovarian Cancer
  12. Pancreatic Cancer
  13. Primary bone Cancer
  14. Primary Brain cancer
  15. Testicular Cancer
  16. Thyroid Gland Cancer
  17. Urinar Bladder cancer
  18. Uterine Cancer

Ophtalmic Diseases

  1. Glaucoma

Psychiatric Diseases

  1. Alzhimer’s Diseases
  2. Anxiety Disease
  3. Bipolar Diseases
  4. Depressive diseases
  5. Schizophrenia
  6. Sleep Diseases
  7. Substance-Related Diseases

Renal Diseases

  1. Acid base Diseases
  2. Acute renal Failure
  3. Chronic Renal Failure
  4. Drug Dosing in renal insufficiency
  5. Electrolyte Homeostasis

Respiratory Diseases

  1. Allergic Rhinitis
  2. Asthma
  3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Urologic Diseases

  1. Benign Prostatic, Hyperplasia
  2. Erectile Dysfunction
  3. Urinary Incontinence